A rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhyming lines A line in poetry is a unit of language into which a poem is divided which operates on principles which are distinct from and not necessarily coincident with grammatical structures such as the sentence or clauses in sentences. Although the word for a single poetic line is verse, this term now tends to be used to signify poetic form more generally in a poem Poetry is a form of literary art in which language is used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its apparent meaning. Poetry may be written independently, as discrete poems, or may occur in conjunction with other arts, as in poetic drama, hymns, lyrics, or prose poetry. It is published in dedicated magazines ( or song In music, a song is a composition that contains vocal parts that are performed ("sung"), commonly accompanied by musical instruments, exception in the case of a cappella songs. The lyrics of songs are typically of a poetic, rhyming nature, although they may be religious verses or free prose. It is usually referred to by using letters A letter is an element in an alphabetic system of writing, such as the Greek alphabet and its descendants. Each letter in the written language is usually associated with one phoneme in the spoken form of the language to indicate which lines rhyme A rhyme is a repetition of similar sounds in two or more words and is most often used in poetry and songs. The word "rhyme" may also refer to a short poem, such as a rhyming couplet or other brief rhyming poem such as nursery rhymes. In other words, it is the pattern of end rhymes or lines. A rhyme scheme gives the scheme of the rhyme.

For example "A,B,A,B," indicates a four-line stanza In poetry, a stanza is a unit within a larger poem. In modern poetry, the term is often equivalent with strophe; in popular vocal music, a stanza is typically referred to as a "verse" in which the first and third lines rhyme, as do the second and fourth. Here is an example of this rhyme scheme from To Anthea, Who May Command Him Any Thing by Robert Herrick:

There are many different such forms, each with its own associations and resonances to cause a particular effect on the reader. A basic distinction is between rhyme schemes that apply to a single stanza In poetry, a stanza is a unit within a larger poem. In modern poetry, the term is often equivalent with strophe; in popular vocal music, a stanza is typically referred to as a "verse", and those that continue their pattern throughout an entire poem (see chain rhyme). There are also more elaborate related forms, like the sestina A sestina is a highly structured poem consisting of six six-line stanzas followed by a tercet (called its envoy or tornada), for a total of thirty-nine lines. The same set of six words ends the lines of each of the six-line stanzas, but in a different order each time; if we number the first stanza's lines 123456, then the words ending the second - which requires repetition of exact words in a complex pattern.

In English, highly repetitive rhyme schemes are unusual.^{[citation needed]} English has more vowel sounds than Italian Italian ( italiano , or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken as a native language by about 70 million people in Italy, San Marino and parts of Switzerland, Croatia, Slovenia and France. In addition, it is spoken by an additional 120 to 150 million people as a non-native language. Most native speakers are native bilinguals of both, for example, meaning that such a scheme would be far more restrictive for an English writer than an Italian one - there are fewer suitable words to match a given pattern. Even such schemes as the terza rima Terza rima is a rhyming verse stanza form that consists of an interlocking three line rhyme scheme. It was first used by the Italian poet Dante Alighieri ("aba bcb cdc ded..."), used by Dante Alighieri Dante Alighieri , commonly known as Dante, was an Italian poet of the Middle Ages. He was born in Florence. He died and is buried in Ravenna. The name Dante is, according to the words of Jacopo Alighieri, a hypocorism for Durante. In contemporary documents it is followed by the patronymic Alagherii or de Alagheriis; it was Boccaccio who in The Divine Comedy The Divine Comedy is an epic poem written by Dante Alighieri between 1308 and his death in 1321. It is widely considered the preeminent work of Italian literature, and is seen as one of the greatest works of world literature. The poem's imaginative and allegorical vision of the Christian afterlife is a culmination of the medieval world-view as it, have been considered too difficult for English.

Example rhyme schemes

• Chant royal: Five stanzas of "ababccddedE" followed by either "ddedE" or "ccddedE". (The capital letters indicate a line repeated verbatim.)
• Cinquain Cinquain is the general term for a class of poetic forms that employ a 5-line pattern. Within the class, there are several forms that are defined by specific rules and guidelines: "A,B,A,B,B".
• Clerihew: "A,A,B,B,".
• Couplet A couplet is a pair of lines of meter in poetry. It usually consists of two lines that rhyme and have the same meter. While traditionally couplets rhyme, not all do. A poem may use white space to mark out couplets if they do not rhyme. Couplets with a meter of iambic pentameter are called heroic couplets. The Poetic epigram is also in the couplet: "A,A", but usually occurs as "A,A, B,B C,C D,D ...".
• Enclosed rhyme (or enclosing rhyme): "abba".
• Limerick A limerick is a five-line poem in anapestic or amphibrachic meter with a strict rhyme scheme , which intends to be witty or humorous, and is sometimes obscene with humorous intent. It may have its roots in the 18th-century Maigue Poets of Ireland, although the form can be found in England in the early years of the century. It was popularized in: "aabba".
• Monorhyme: "A,A,A,A,A...", an identical rhyme on every line, common in Latin and Arabic
• Ottava rima: "A,B,A,B,A,B,C,C".
• Rhyme royal: "ababbcc".
• Scottish stanza: "AAABAB", as used by Robert Burns Robert Burns (also known as Rabbie Burns, Scotland's favourite son, the Ploughman Poet, Robden of Solway Firth, the Bard of Ayrshire and in Scotland as simply The Bard) was a Scottish poet and a lyricist. He is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland, and is celebrated worldwide. He is the best known of the poets who have written in the in works such as To a Mouse "To A Mouse, on Turning Her Up in Her Nest, with the Plough" is a Scots poem written by Robert Burns in 1785, and was included in the Kilmarnock volume. As the legend goes, Burns wrote the poem after, as the poem suggests, turning up the winter nest of a mouse on his farm. Another theory of the meaning of this poem is that the farmer
• Rondelet: "AbAabbA".
• Rubaiyat: "aaba".
• Simple 4-line: "abcb"
• Sonnet The sonnet is one of several forms of lyric poetry originating in Europe. The term "sonnet" derives from the Occitan word sonet and the Italian word sonetto, both meaning "little song" or "little sound". By the thirteenth century, it had come to signify a poem of fourteen lines that follows a strict rhyme scheme and
  • Petrarchan sonnet The Petrarchan sonnet refers to a concept of unattainable love, and was first developed by the Italian humanist and writer, Francesco Petrarca. Conventionally Petrarchan sonnets depicted the lady as a model and inspiration. This phrase is often used in reference to romantic literature, including analysis of Shakespeare: "abba abba cde cde" or "abba abba cdc dcd".
  • Shakespearean sonnet: "abab cdcd efef gg".
  • Spenserian sonnet: "abab bcbc cdcd ee".
  • Onegin stanzas Onegin stanza refers to the verse form invented by Alexander Pushkin for his interpersonal epic Eugene Onegin. The work is (almost wholly) written in verses of iambic tetrameter with the unusual rhyme scheme "aBaBccDDeFFeGG", where the lowercase letters represent feminine endings (i.e., stressed on the penultimate syllable) and the: "aBaBccDDeFFeGG" with the lowercase letters representing feminine rhymes and the uppercase representing masculine rhymes, written in iambic tetrameter.
• Spenserian stanza The Spenserian stanza is a fixed verse form invented by Edmund Spenser for his epic poem The Faerie Queene. Each stanza contains nine lines in total: eight lines in iambic pentameter followed by a single 'Alexandrine' line in iambic hexameter. The rhyme scheme of these lines is "ababbcbcc.": "ababbcbcc".
• Tanaga: traditional Tagalog The Tagalog people is an ethnic group in the Philippines. The name Tagalog comes from either the native term tagá-ilog, meaning 'people living along the river', or another native term, tagá-alog, meaning 'people living along the ford', a ford being a shallow part of a river or stream where people, animals, or vehicles can cross it. The prefix tanaga is aaaa
• Terza rima Terza rima is a rhyming verse stanza form that consists of an interlocking three line rhyme scheme. It was first used by the Italian poet Dante Alighieri: "aba bcb cdc ...", ending on "yzy z", "yzy zz", or "yzy zyz".
• Triplet A tercet is composed of three lines of poetry, forming a stanza or a complete poem. English-language haiku is an example of an unrhymed tercet poem. A poetic triplet is a tercet in which all three lines follow the same rhyme, a a a; triplets are rather rare; they are more customarily used sparingly in verse of heroic couplets or other couplet: "aaa", often repeating like the couplet.
• Villanelle A villanelle is a poetic form which entered English-language poetry in the 1800s from the imitation of French models. The word derives from the Italian villanella from Latin villanus . A villanelle has only two rhyme sounds. The first and third lines of the first stanza are rhyming refrains that alternate as the third line in each successive: A1bA2 abA1 abA2 abA1 abA2 abA1A2, where A1 and A2 are lines repeated exactly which rhyme with the a lines.
• Sestina A sestina is a highly structured poem consisting of six six-line stanzas followed by a tercet (called its envoy or tornada), for a total of thirty-nine lines. The same set of six words ends the lines of each of the six-line stanzas, but in a different order each time; if we number the first stanza's lines 123456, then the words ending the second: abcdef faebdc cfdabe ecbfad deacfb bdfeca , the seventh stanza is a tercet where line 1 has a in it but ends with d, line 2 has b in it but ends with e, line 3 has c in it but ends with f

Rhyme schemes in hip-hop music

Hip-hop music Hip hop is a musical genre which developed as part of hip hop culture, and is defined by key stylistic elements such as rapping, DJing, sampling, scratching and beatboxing. Hip hop began in the South Bronx of New York City in the 1970s. The term rap is often used synonymously with hip hop, but hip hop denotes the practices of an entire subculture and rapping Rapping (also known as emceeing, MCing, spitting , or just rhyming), refers to "spoken or chanted rhyming lyrics". The art form can be broken down into different components, as in the book How to Rap where it is separated into “content”, “flow” (rhythm and rhyme), and “delivery”. Rapping is distinct from spoken word poetry in’s rhyme schemes include traditional schemes such as couplets A couplet is a pair of lines of meter in poetry. It usually consists of two lines that rhyme and have the same meter. While traditionally couplets rhyme, not all do. A poem may use white space to mark out couplets if they do not rhyme. Couplets with a meter of iambic pentameter are called heroic couplets. The Poetic epigram is also in the couplet, as well as forms specific to the genre,^[1] which are broken down extensively in the books How to Rap How to Rap: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC is a book on rapping and hip-hop music by Paul Edwards – it is compiled from interviews with 104 notable rappers who provide insights into how they write and perform their lyrics. It was published by Chicago Review Press in December, 2009 with a foreword by Kool G Rap. Publishers Weekly states and Book of Rhymes. Rhyme schemes used in hip-hop music Hip hop is a musical genre which developed as part of hip hop culture, and is defined by key stylistic elements such as rapping, DJing, sampling, scratching and beatboxing. Hip hop began in the South Bronx of New York City in the 1970s. The term rap is often used synonymously with hip hop, but hip hop denotes the practices of an entire subculture include –

• Couplets A couplet is a pair of lines of meter in poetry. It usually consists of two lines that rhyme and have the same meter. While traditionally couplets rhyme, not all do. A poem may use white space to mark out couplets if they do not rhyme. Couplets with a meter of iambic pentameter are called heroic couplets. The Poetic epigram is also in the couplet^[2]
• Single-liners^[3]
• Multi-liners^[4]
• Combinations of schemes^[5]
• Whole verse^[6]

Couplets A couplet is a pair of lines of meter in poetry. It usually consists of two lines that rhyme and have the same meter. While traditionally couplets rhyme, not all do. A poem may use white space to mark out couplets if they do not rhyme. Couplets with a meter of iambic pentameter are called heroic couplets. The Poetic epigram is also in the couplet are the most type of rhyme scheme in old school rap^[7] and are still commonly used,^[8] though complex rhyme schemes have progressively become more common.^[9][10] Rather than relying on end rhymes, rap’s rhyme schemes can have rhymes placed anywhere in the bars of music to create a structure.^[11] There can also be numerous rhyming elements which all work together in the same scheme^[12] - this is called internal rhyme In poetry, internal rhyme, or middle rhyme, is rhyme that occurs in a single line of verse in traditional poetry,^[13] though as rap’s rhymes schemes can be anywhere in the bar, they could all be internal, so the term is not always used.^[14] Rap verses can also employ ‘extra rhymes’, which do not structure the verse like the main rhyme schemes, but which add to the overall sound of the verse.^[15]

References

1. ^ Edwards, Paul, 2009, How to Rap How to Rap: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC is a book on rapping and hip-hop music by Paul Edwards – it is compiled from interviews with 104 notable rappers who provide insights into how they write and perform their lyrics. It was published by Chicago Review Press in December, 2009 with a foreword by Kool G Rap. Publishers Weekly states: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC, Chicago Review Press, p. 95-110.
2. ^ Edwards, Paul, 2009, How to Rap How to Rap: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC is a book on rapping and hip-hop music by Paul Edwards – it is compiled from interviews with 104 notable rappers who provide insights into how they write and perform their lyrics. It was published by Chicago Review Press in December, 2009 with a foreword by Kool G Rap. Publishers Weekly states: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC, Chicago Review Press, p. 99.
3. ^ Edwards, Paul, 2009, How to Rap How to Rap: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC is a book on rapping and hip-hop music by Paul Edwards – it is compiled from interviews with 104 notable rappers who provide insights into how they write and perform their lyrics. It was published by Chicago Review Press in December, 2009 with a foreword by Kool G Rap. Publishers Weekly states: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC, Chicago Review Press, p. 100.
4. ^ Edwards, Paul, 2009, How to Rap How to Rap: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC is a book on rapping and hip-hop music by Paul Edwards – it is compiled from interviews with 104 notable rappers who provide insights into how they write and perform their lyrics. It was published by Chicago Review Press in December, 2009 with a foreword by Kool G Rap. Publishers Weekly states: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC, Chicago Review Press, p. 101.
5. ^ Edwards, Paul, 2009, How to Rap How to Rap: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC is a book on rapping and hip-hop music by Paul Edwards – it is compiled from interviews with 104 notable rappers who provide insights into how they write and perform their lyrics. It was published by Chicago Review Press in December, 2009 with a foreword by Kool G Rap. Publishers Weekly states: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC, Chicago Review Press, p. 101-102.
6. ^ Edwards, Paul, 2009, How to Rap How to Rap: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC is a book on rapping and hip-hop music by Paul Edwards – it is compiled from interviews with 104 notable rappers who provide insights into how they write and perform their lyrics. It was published by Chicago Review Press in December, 2009 with a foreword by Kool G Rap. Publishers Weekly states: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC, Chicago Review Press, p. 102-103.
7. ^ Bradley, Adam, 2009, Book of Rhymes: The Poetics of Hip-Hop, Basic Civitas Books, p. 50.
8. ^ Edwards, Paul, 2009, How to Rap How to Rap: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC is a book on rapping and hip-hop music by Paul Edwards – it is compiled from interviews with 104 notable rappers who provide insights into how they write and perform their lyrics. It was published by Chicago Review Press in December, 2009 with a foreword by Kool G Rap. Publishers Weekly states: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC, Chicago Review Press, p. 99.
9. ^ Edwards, Paul, 2009, How to Rap How to Rap: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC is a book on rapping and hip-hop music by Paul Edwards – it is compiled from interviews with 104 notable rappers who provide insights into how they write and perform their lyrics. It was published by Chicago Review Press in December, 2009 with a foreword by Kool G Rap. Publishers Weekly states: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC, Chicago Review Press, p. 97.
10. ^ Bradley, Adam, 2009, Book of Rhymes: The Poetics of Hip-Hop, Basic Civitas Books, p. 73.
11. ^ Edwards, Paul, 2009, How to Rap How to Rap: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC is a book on rapping and hip-hop music by Paul Edwards – it is compiled from interviews with 104 notable rappers who provide insights into how they write and perform their lyrics. It was published by Chicago Review Press in December, 2009 with a foreword by Kool G Rap. Publishers Weekly states: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC, Chicago Review Press, p. 107.
12. ^ Edwards, Paul, 2009, How to Rap How to Rap: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC is a book on rapping and hip-hop music by Paul Edwards – it is compiled from interviews with 104 notable rappers who provide insights into how they write and perform their lyrics. It was published by Chicago Review Press in December, 2009 with a foreword by Kool G Rap. Publishers Weekly states: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC, Chicago Review Press, p. 104.
13. ^ Bradley, Adam, 2009, Book of Rhymes: The Poetics of Hip-Hop, Basic Civitas Books, p. 74.
14. ^ Edwards, Paul, 2009, How to Rap How to Rap: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC is a book on rapping and hip-hop music by Paul Edwards – it is compiled from interviews with 104 notable rappers who provide insights into how they write and perform their lyrics. It was published by Chicago Review Press in December, 2009 with a foreword by Kool G Rap. Publishers Weekly states: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC, Chicago Review Press, p. 104.
15. ^ Edwards, Paul, 2009, How to Rap How to Rap: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC is a book on rapping and hip-hop music by Paul Edwards – it is compiled from interviews with 104 notable rappers who provide insights into how they write and perform their lyrics. It was published by Chicago Review Press in December, 2009 with a foreword by Kool G Rap. Publishers Weekly states: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC, Chicago Review Press, p. 103.

External links

• Lingua::Rhyme::FindScheme — Perl Perl is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. Perl was originally developed by Larry Wall in 1987 as a general-purpose Unix scripting language to make report processing easier. Since then, it has undergone many changes and revisions and become widely popular amongst programmers. Larry Wall continues to oversee module to find the rhyme scheme of a given text.
• Rhyming dictionary

Categories: Poetic devices

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