Dragonlance is a shared universe A shared universe is a fictional universe to which more than one writer contributes. Work set in a shared universe share characters and other elements with varying degrees of consistency. Shared universes are contrasted with collaborative writing, in which multiple authors work on a single story. Shared universes are more common in fantasy and created by Laura and Tracy Hickman, and expanded by Tracy Hickman and Margaret Weis under the direction of TSR, Inc. TSR, Inc. was an American game publishing company most famous for publishing the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game. The company was purchased in 1997 by Wizards of the Coast, which no longer uses the TSR name for its products into a series of popular fantasy Fantasy is a genre that uses magic and other supernatural phenomena as a primary element of plot, theme, and/or setting. Many works within the genre take place in fictional worlds where magic is common. Fantasy is generally distinguished from science fiction in that it does not provide a logical explanation for the scientifically impossible events novels A novel is a long narrative in literary prose. The genre has historical roots both in the fields of the medieval and early modern romance and in the tradition of the novella. The latter supplied the present generic term in the late 18th century. The Hickmans devised the concept that became Dragonlance while driving in their car on the way to TSR for a job application. At TSR, Tracy met his future writing partner Margaret Weis, and they gathered a group of associates to play the Dungeons & Dragons Dungeons & Dragons is a fantasy role-playing game (RPG) originally designed by Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson, and first published in 1974 by Tactical Studies Rules, Inc. (TSR). The game has been published by Wizards of the Coast since 1997. It was derived from miniature wargames with a variation of the Chainmail game serving as the initial rule role-playing game. The adventures during that game inspired a series of gaming modules, and a series of novels, as well as licensed products such as board games, and lead miniature figures.

In 1984, TSR published the first Dragonlance novel, Dragons of Autumn Twilight. It began the Chronicles Trilogy, a core element of Dragonlance. While the authoring team of Tracy Hickman and Margaret Weis wrote the setting's central books, numerous other authors contributed novels and short stories to the setting. Over 190 novels have used the Dragonlance setting, and have been accompanied by a supplemental campaign setting A campaign setting is usually a fictional world which serves as a setting for a role-playing game or wargame campaign. A campaign is a series of individual adventures, and a campaign setting is the world in which such adventures and campaigns take place. Usually a campaign setting is designed for a specific game or a specific genre of game (such in the Dungeons & Dragons – style for over a decade. In 1997, Wizards of the Coast LLC Wizards of the Coast is an American publisher of games, primarily based on fantasy and science fiction themes. Originally a basement-run role-playing game publisher, the company popularized the collectible card game genre with Magic: The Gathering in the mid-1990s, acquired the popular Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game by purchasing the purchased TSR, and licensed Dragonlance to Sovereign Press, Inc in 2001 to produce game materials; this licensing agreement expired in 2007.

The fictional Dragonlance world of Krynn contains numerous characters, an extensive timeline The timeline in the fictional universe of Dragonlance utilises a calendar centred around Cataclysm. The Cataclysm was an event that changed life across the surface of the planet Krynn. It occurred when a fiery mountain was launched from the heavens at a city called Istar on the continent called Ansalon. A Second Cataclysm occurred when one of the, and a detailed geography. The history of Krynn consists of five ages. The novels and related game products are primarily set in the fourth age, The Age of Despair. Since February 2009, the fifth age, the Age of Mortals, has been used. The Heroes of the Lance, created by Weis and Hickman, are the popular protagonists of the Chronicles trilogy, the first books set in the Dragonlance universe. Along with D&D's world of the Forgotten Realms The Forgotten Realms is a campaign setting for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. Commonly referred to by players and game designers alike as "The Realms", it was created by game designer Ed Greenwood around 1967 as a setting for his childhood stories. Several years later, Greenwood brought the setting to the D&D, Dragonlance is one of the most popular shared worlds A shared universe is a fictional universe to which more than one writer contributes. Work set in a shared universe share characters and other elements with varying degrees of consistency. Shared universes are contrasted with collaborative writing, in which multiple authors work on a single story. Shared universes are more common in fantasy and in fiction.

Contents

The world

The Dragonlance world is described in numerous books and novels. The setting contains numerous characters, an extensive timeline The timeline in the fictional universe of Dragonlance utilises a calendar centred around Cataclysm. The Cataclysm was an event that changed life across the surface of the planet Krynn. It occurred when a fiery mountain was launched from the heavens at a city called Istar on the continent called Ansalon. A Second Cataclysm occurred when one of the, and a detailed geography.

Krynn

Main article: Krynn

Dragonlance is set on the world of Krynn. The majority of the novels take place in the various regions of Ansalon Ansalon is a continent on Krynn, the fictional world of the Dragonlance campaign setting for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, a small continent, though some have taken place on the continent of Taladas, northeast of Ansalon. Its major gods are the High God and his children: good Paladine, neutral Gilean, and evil Takhisis. The gods are opposed by Chaos, who seeks to destroy Krynn. Depending on the time period, the evil chromatic and the good metallic dragons are rare or plentiful. Humans are Krynn's most common humanoid race, but elves, dwarves, kender, gnomes, and minotaurs share the world. Clerics derive magical powers from their gods, and wizards derive their power from the three moon gods, Solinari, Lunitari, and Nuitari. Hickman had previously preached as a Mormon The Latter Day Saint movement is a group of religious denominations and adherents who follow at least some of the teachings and revelations of Joseph Smith, Jr., publisher of the Book of Mormon in 1830. The Latter Day Saint movement is one of a number of separate movements that arose during the Second Great Awakening of the 19th century, many of missionary in Java Java is an island of Indonesia and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. Once the center of powerful Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms, Islamic sultanates, and the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies, Java now plays a dominant role in the economic and political life of Indonesia. Home to a population of 130 million in 2006, it is the most populous for two years, and uses Indonesian Indonesian is the official language of Indonesia. Indonesian is a normative form of the Riau dialect of Malay, an Austronesian language which has been used as a lingua franca in the Indonesian archipelago for centuries in Dragonlance spells.[1] During Krynn's various wars, armies of draconians are used as troops. Draconians are created by corrupting a dragon egg, thereby creating a reptilian humanoid. The eggs of good dragons create evil draconians, and the eggs of evil dragons create good draconians.

Fictional history

Main article: Dragonlance timeline The timeline in the fictional universe of Dragonlance utilises a calendar centred around Cataclysm. The Cataclysm was an event that changed life across the surface of the planet Krynn. It occurred when a fiery mountain was launched from the heavens at a city called Istar on the continent called Ansalon. A Second Cataclysm occurred when one of the

The history of the world of Krynn, and thus the settings for both the novels and gaming supplements, is roughly split into five separate ages. The first age is the time of creation, when the gods are born and Krynn is formed. The Age of Dreams, the second age, is marked by the rapid growth of the world's first great civilizations and the appearance of a myriad of new races. This era is also marked by three great wars between dragons and their minions. Following the Third Dragon War, in the Age of Might, the Cataclysm obliterates the great empire of Istar and changes almost all of Krynn's surface. A 300-year depression follows this event, in what is called the Age of Despair. This period also marks the War of the Lance. When Dragonlance was first introduced to Dungeons & Dragons, events happened during The Age of Despair. Since February 2009, the Age of Mortals has been used for most of the setting's new novels.

Characters

Main article: List of major Dragonlance characters The Heroes of the Lance: from left Raistlin, Caramon, Tanis, Tasslehoff, Flint, Goldmoon, Riverwind, Sturm, Tika, and Laurana. Tracy Hickman keeps this Larry Elmore Larry Elmore is an American fantasy artist, known for his work for Dungeons & Dragons, Dragonlance, and for his comic series SnarfQuest painting on the wall in his office.[2]

The Heroes of the Lance are the protagonists of the Chronicles trilogy, the first books set in the Dragonlance universe. They were created by Weis and Hickman, then fleshed out as player characters A player character or playable character is a character in a video game or role playing game who is controlled or controllable by a player, and is typically a protagonist of the story told in the course of the game. A player character is a persona of the player who controls it. Player characters are often also metonymically called players. Some in games of Dungeons & Dragons at Hickman's apartment. Hickman asked game designer Terry Phillips which player he had been given to play. Phillips played as wizard Raistlin Majere, and according to Hickman, when Phillips replied "the world of Krynn was forever changed. His rasping voice, his sarcasm and bitterness all masking an arrogance and power that never needed to be stated suddenly were real."[3]

Several other Heroes of the Lance were played by various people. Authors Gary and Janet Pack played the half-elf Tanis Half-Elven and the Kender Tasslehoff Burrfoot, respectively. Author Douglas Niles played the dwarf Flint Fireforge. TSR employee Harold Johnson played the Solamnic knight Sturm Brightblade. The rest of the Heroes are the barbarians Goldmoon and Riverwind, elf Laurana Kanan, and humans Caramon Majere (Raistlin's brother) and Tika Waylan. Weis played Fizban the Fabulous.[4]

In the beginning, Margaret Weis had problems depicting Tanis Half-Elven in the novels. Tracy Hickman finally told her "He's James T. Kirk of the Starship Enterprise." After that explanation, Margaret had no more troubles while writing about Tanis.[5] Other noteworthy antagonists, and sometimes protagonists, are the Death Knight Lord Soth and Kitiara Uth Matar, the half-sister of Raistlin and Caramon, and leader of one of the Dragonarmies of Ansalon. According to Hickman, Lord Soth is the most unpredictable character to write about, saying "Every time that character made an appearance in one of our books he would try to run off with the story."[6]

Publication history

Creation

Tracy Hickman and Margaret Weis at Gen Con 2008

Hickman developed his world creation technique by writing and self-publishing with his wife Laura the adventure modules Rahasia (1979) and Pharaoh (1980), and writing TSR's Ravenloft (1983).[7] He was unemployed in 1982, and TSR offered him a job based on his submission of several modules.[1] That year, while driving from Utah to Wisconsin to start a job with TSR, Hickman and his wife created the Dragonlance universe concept. During the trip, Hickman and his wife discussed two ideas they had had for several years: an entire world used to support a storyline, and a world dominated by dragons.[4]

Their ideas were well received by TSR, whose marketing department felt they had enough dungeons, but not enough dragons. Hickman suggested a series of twelve modules, each featuring a different dragon. TSR employee Harold Johnson suggested that Hickman should try to get additional support from other TSR staff members and, after a period of months, Hickman had the support of Jeff Grubb, Larry Elmore Larry Elmore is an American fantasy artist, known for his work for Dungeons & Dragons, Dragonlance, and for his comic series SnarfQuest, Roger Moore, Doug Niles, Michael Williams, and others with whom they discussed ideas for the project. Meanwhile, Weis was editing and writing various Endless Quest books for TSR. The Dragonlance group decided that novels should accompany the game modules; TSR reluctantly agreed and hired a writer.[4] Hickman became the design coordinator for "Project Overlord", the cover name for what would later be known as the Dragonlance saga.[8]

TSR decided to create a franchise; including modules, board games, lead figures, and – for the first time – novels. Weis had been hired as an editor, and with Hickman they began working with the author hired to write the novels. They weren't satisfied with the author, and decided they should be the ones to write the books.[1] They collaborated over a weekend, writing the prologue for the first five chapters of the first novel,[1] Dragons of Autumn Twilight, based on the module Dragons of Despair.[9] TSR liked their treatment and gave them the assignment, firing the author. After two years of development, TSR released Dragons of Autumn Twilight as a supplement to the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons Dungeons & Dragons is a fantasy role-playing game (RPG) originally designed by Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson, and first published in 1974 by Tactical Studies Rules, Inc. (TSR). The game has been published by Wizards of the Coast since 1997. It was derived from miniature wargames with a variation of the Chainmail game serving as the initial rule game products.[10] TSR had doubts about the finished novel's sales potential, and attempted to order 30,000 copies, ultimately ordering the minimum print run of 50,000. The success of the novel prompted TSR to publish more copies to meet demand.[1] Dragonlance eventually received ancillary products such as novels, calendars, computer games, and art books.[11]

Further development

In the mid to late-1980s, a rift developed between Weis and Hickman and TSR. They were feeling under-appreciated by the company, and when TSR turned down their Darksword series of novels, they went to Bantam Books Bantam Books is an American publishing house owned by Random House; it is an imprint of the Random House Publishing Group. It was formed in 1945 by Walter Pitkin, Jr., Sidney B. Kramer, and Ian and Betty Ballantine. It has since been purchased several times by companies including National General and, most recently, Random House. Bantam made them an offer, which they accepted, and they stopped writing Dragonlance novels for TSR.[1] They returned to write Dragons of Summer Flame for TSR in 1996, thinking it would be their final Dragonlance novel. At the time, Dragonlance gaming had been converted to the SAGA System, with limited success, and that combined with TSR's general financial troubles put the setting's future in doubt. Wizards of the Coast bought the troubled TSR in 1997, and Weis and Hickman then proposed Dragonlance's War of Souls trilogy; eventually published in 2000–2002. All three novels made the New York Times bestseller list and the setting was revitalized commercially.[4] By 1998, the original Dragonlance trilogy had sold well over three million copies worldwide and spawned dozens of sequels.[12] The central books of the Dragonlance series were written by the authoring team of Weis and Hickman, however, many other writers have made contributions, including Richard A. Knaak, Douglas Niles, Roger E. Moore, Don Perrin, Jean Rabe, Paul B. Thompson, Tonya C. Cook, Michael Williams, Nancy Varian Berberick and Chris Pierson.

In 2001, Wizards of the Coast licensed Sovereign Press to publish further Dragonlance game materials. This began with the newly-revised Dragonlance Campaign Setting in 2003, which used the new Dungeons & Dragons 3rd Edition Over the years, there have been a number of different versions of the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game . The current publisher of D&D, Wizards of the Coast, produces new materials only for the most current edition of the game. Some D&D fans, however, continue to play older versions of the game and some third-party companies.[4] On April 23, 2007, Weis announced Wizards of the Coast did not renew Sovereign's license, and that Dragonlance RPG game supplements and accessories would only be released through the end of the year.[13]

Reception

Dragonlance is one of the most popular shared worlds A shared universe is a fictional universe to which more than one writer contributes. Work set in a shared universe share characters and other elements with varying degrees of consistency. Shared universes are contrasted with collaborative writing, in which multiple authors work on a single story. Shared universes are more common in fantasy and, where writers place adventures in a world created by other writers.[14] The first Dragonlance trilogy, Chronicles, launched the Dungeons & Dragons line of novels, with many of its characters spun off into other novels.[15] Along with Forgotten Realms The Forgotten Realms is a campaign setting for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game. Commonly referred to by players and game designers alike as "The Realms", it was created by game designer Ed Greenwood around 1967 as a setting for his childhood stories. Several years later, Greenwood brought the setting to the D&D, Dragonlance is TSR's most popular series of novels. According to The 1990s by Marc Oxoby, what is most notable about the series is that "what may at one time been considered disposable, escapist literature" found "unprecedented popularity" in the 1990s.[16] All of the Dragonlance novels remained in print during the decade, turning Weis and Hickman into literary stars and boosting sales of their non Dragonlance novels. Although the series was initially published in paperback, its success led to hardcover printings. The hardcover version of Dragons of Summer Flame had an "impressive" first printing of 200,000 books.[16] Every Dragonlance novel by Weis and Hickman since 1995 has been released in hardcover, and some previous novels have been re-released in hardcover collectors editions.[17] Dragonlance made TSR one of the most successful publishers of science fiction and fantasy in the 1990s.[18]

By 2008, there were more than 190 novels in the Dragonlance franchise.[9] Weis and Hickman's Dragonlance novels have made over 20 bestseller lists, with sales in excess of 22 million.[18] The pair's novels have been translated into German, Japanese, Danish, Finnish, Spanish, French, Italian, Hebrew and Portuguese, and have sold well in the United States, Britain, and Australia.[1]

Not all critics have praised Dragonlance and Weis and Hickman. According to author Stephen Hunt, Wendy Bradley of Interzone Interzone is a British fantasy and science fiction magazine, published since 1982. Both genres are covered in the critical articles, but the original stories are mainly science fiction magazine does not think highly of their work. Hunt feels that it's unusual for authors to receive such loathing among "fantasy's literary mafia", saying 'Behind every critic's scorn laden insult, there lays that unsaid thought at the end: "But I could have written that!"'[1] Visions of Wonder, edited by David G. Hartwell and Milton T. Wolf and published by the Science Fiction Research Association, argues that Dragonlance is published under the "omnivore theory" of publishing. In this theory, the readership is made up of teenagers, and completely replaces itself every three to five years. This allows publishers to release subpar novels and still reach a small yet profitable audience.[19]

Novels

Main article: List of Dragonlance novels

The main storyline of the original Dragonlance series has been written by Margaret Weis and Tracy Hickman, with multiple books written by several further authors, covering different years in between and sometimes during the main events.

Campaign setting

Main article: List of Dragonlance modules and sourcebooks Dragonlance Adventures, the first Dragonlance campaign setting sourcebook

TSR TSR, Inc. was an American game publishing company most famous for publishing the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game. The company was purchased in 1997 by Wizards of the Coast, which no longer uses the TSR name for its products created Dragonlance as a campaign setting for the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons Dungeons & Dragons is a fantasy role-playing game (RPG) originally designed by Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson, and first published in 1974 by Tactical Studies Rules, Inc. (TSR). The game has been published by Wizards of the Coast since 1997. It was derived from miniature wargames with a variation of the Chainmail game serving as the initial rule system in 1982. They published the first sourcebook, Dragonlance Adventures, in 1987. When Advanced Dungeons & Dragons changed to its 2nd edition, the Dragonlance campaign setting changed with it. However, in the 1990s, Dragonlance was converted to use the new SAGA role playing system, which uses cards to determine the effects of actions. In 1996, Dragonlance: Fifth Age roleplaying game was released; the game used cards to produce random results instead of dice, and emphasized storyline development.[10] When the 3rd edition of Dungeons & Dragons came out, Dragonlance was again represented by a new sourcebook (Dragonlance Campaign Setting), although no new adventures were published by Wizards of the Coast Wizards of the Coast is an American publisher of games, primarily based on fantasy and science fiction themes. Originally a basement-run role-playing game publisher, the company popularized the collectible card game genre with Magic: The Gathering in the mid-1990s, acquired the popular Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game by purchasing the. Wizards of the Coast also turned over all responsibility for maintaining the Dragonlance setting in the 3rd edition to Margaret Weis's home company Sovereign Press.

In other media

In 2008, Dragonlance: Dragons of Autumn Twilight was released direct-to-video A movie that is released direct-to-video is one which has been released to the public on home video formats (historically VHS) before or without being released in movie theaters or broadcast on television. The term is also at times used as a derogatory term for films or sequels of films that are of inferior quality, or are not expected to find, an animated movie based on the first Dragonlance book of the same name. The animation was produced by Toonz Animation, and featured the voices of Lucy Lawless Lucy Lawless is a New Zealand actress and singer. She is best known for playing the title character of the internationally successful television series Xena: Warrior Princess which ran from 1995 to 2001. She has also appeared on the reimagined Battlestar Galactica television series. Most Recently she has appeared on the television series Spartacus:, Kiefer Sutherland Kiefer William Fredrick Dempsey George Rufus Sutherland is a British-born Canadian actor, best known for his portrayal of Jack Bauer on the Fox thriller drama series 24. He is an Emmy Award- and Golden Globe award-winner. He is the son of actor Donald Sutherland, Michael Rosenbaum, and Michelle Trachtenberg.[21] A number of video games A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. The word video in video game traditionally referred to a raster display device. However, with the popular use of the term "video game", it now implies any type of display device. The electronic systems used to are also set in the Dragonlance world: including Heroes of the Lance (1988), Dragons of Flame (1989), War of the Lance (1989), Dragonstrike (1990), Shadow Sorcerer (1991), Champions of Krynn (1990), Death Knights of Krynn (1991), and The Dark Queen of Krynn (1992).

The series has inspired mention in music as well, including "Wishmaster", a song by Nightwish Nightwish is an award-winning Finnish symphonic metal band from Kitee, Finland, formed in 1996 by songwriter/keyboardist Tuomas Holopainen, guitarist Emppu Vuorinen, and former vocalist Tarja Turunen. Nightwish's current line-up has five integrants, but Tarja and the first bassist, Sami Vänskä, are no longer part of the group based partially on the relationship between Raistlin and Dalamar as a master and apprentice. The Swedish metal band Lake of Tears also recorded a song called "Raistlin and the Rose" in their 1997 album "Crimson Cosmos," while the German group Blind Guardian Blind Guardian are a German heavy metal band formed in the mid-1980s in Krefeld, West Germany. The band is often credited as one of the seminal and most influential bands in the power metal and speed metal subgenres, Blind Guardian was a part of the German heavy metal scene that emerged in the mid-1980's wrote "The Soulforged," another song inspired by Raistlin's story, which appeared in the band's 2002 album "A Night At the Opera."[22]

See also

Dungeons & Dragons portal
Dragonlance portal

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Hunt, Stephen (January 2002). "Dragon' On". SFCrowsnest.com. Archived from the original on February 11, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080211083438/http://www.sfcrowsnest.com/sfnews/newsd0102.htm. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
  2. ^ Whiteman, Trampas. "Articles: Tracy Hickman Interview: Lost Chronicles Book Tour and Journeys Beyond!". Dragonlance.com. http://www.dragonlance.com/features/articles/10031.aspx. Retrieved 2009-02-22.
  3. ^ Weis, Margaret (2003) [1998]. The Soulforge. The Raistlin Chronicles. Renton, WA, USA Renton is a city in King County, Washington, United States. Situated 13 miles southeast of Seattle, Washington, Renton straddles the southeast shore of Lake Washington. The State of Washington Office of Financial Management estimates the City of Renton's population to be 82,548 as of May 2009. The population increased significantly with the recent: Wizards of the Coast Wizards of the Coast is an American publisher of games, primarily based on fantasy and science fiction themes. Originally a basement-run role-playing game publisher, the company popularized the collectible card game genre with Magic: The Gathering in the mid-1990s, acquired the popular Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game by purchasing the. Forward. ISBN The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering (SBN) code created by Gordon Foster, now Emeritus Professor of Statistics at Trinity College, Dublin, for the booksellers and stationers W.H. Smith and others in 1966 0-7869-1314-2.
  4. ^ a b c d e Archer, Peter (2004). "Dragonlance". 30 Years of Adventure: A Celebration of Dungeons & Dragons. Wizards of the Coast Wizards of the Coast is an American publisher of games, primarily based on fantasy and science fiction themes. Originally a basement-run role-playing game publisher, the company popularized the collectible card game genre with Magic: The Gathering in the mid-1990s, acquired the popular Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game by purchasing the. pp. 64–75. ISBN The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering (SBN) code created by Gordon Foster, now Emeritus Professor of Statistics at Trinity College, Dublin, for the booksellers and stationers W.H. Smith and others in 1966 0-7869-3498-0.
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  13. ^ Margaret Weis (April 23, 2007). "Articles: Dragonlance License". http://www.dragonlance.com/features/articles/10040.aspx. Retrieved 2007-06-26.
  14. ^ Saricks, Joyce G. (2001). The Readers' Advisory Guide to Genre Fiction. ALA Editions. pp. 49. ISBN The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering (SBN) code created by Gordon Foster, now Emeritus Professor of Statistics at Trinity College, Dublin, for the booksellers and stationers W.H. Smith and others in 1966 978-0-8389-0803-7. http://books.google.com/?id=wwbkWkWNiPcC&pg=PA49&dq=dragonlance.
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  17. ^ Maas, John-Michael (April 19, 2004). "Rival Fantasy Publishers Rally Around Star Author". Publishers Weekly. http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/CA411244.html. Retrieved 2009-02-19.
  18. ^ a b Hall, Melissa Mia (June 7, 2004). "Dragon Lady Keeps Flying". Publishers Weekly. http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/CA423287.html. Retrieved 2009-02-19.
  19. ^ Hartwell, David G.; Milton T. Wolf (1996). Visions of Wonder. MacMillan. ISBN 978-0-312-85287-0. http://books.google.com/?id=uYs2NbD-d4oC&pg=PA88&dq=dragonlance.
  20. ^ Margaret Weis and Tracy Hickman. "Dragons of the Dwarven Depths". Wizards of the Coast. http://wizards.com/default.asp?x=products/dlnovel/956467200. Retrieved 2006-07-18.
  21. ^ Winkelspecht, Dean (January 13, 2008). "DragonLance: Dragons of Autumn Twilight (DVD)". DVDTown.com. http://www.dvdtown.com/reviews/dragonlance-dragons-of-autumn-twilight/5522. Retrieved 2009-03-15.
  22. ^ "Dragonlance Inspired Music and Musicians". Dragonlance-Movie.com. http://www.dragonlance-movie.com/music/. Retrieved 2009-03-14.

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