Digital poetry is a form of electronic literature Electronic literature is a literary genre consisting of works of literature that originate within digital environments, displaying a wide range of approaches to poetry Poetry is a form of literary art in which language is used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its apparent meaning. Poetry may be written independently, as discrete poems, or may occur in conjunction with other arts, as in poetic drama, hymns, lyrics, or prose poetry. It is published in dedicated magazines (, with a prominent and crucial use of computers A computer is a programmable machine that receives input, stores and manipulates data//information, and provides output in a useful format. Digital A digital system is a data technology that uses discrete values. By contrast, non-digital (or analog) systems use a continuous range of values to represent information. Although digital representations are discrete, the information represented can be either discrete, such as numbers, letters or icons, or continuous, such as sounds, images, and poetry can be available in form of CD ROM CD-ROM is a pre-pressed compact disc that contains data accessible to, but not writable by, a computer for data storage and music playback, the 1985 “Yellow Book” standard developed by Sony and Philips adapted the format to hold any form of binary data, DVD, as installations in art galleries An art gallery or art museum is a building or space for the exhibition of art, usually visual art. Museums can be public or private, but what distinguishes a museum is the ownership of a collection. Paintings are the most commonly displayed art objects; however, sculpture, decorative arts, furniture, textiles, costume, drawings, pastels,, in certain cases also recorded as DV or films and on the World Wide Web The World Wide Web, abbreviated as WWW and commonly known as the Web, is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them by using hyperlinks. Using concepts from earlier hypertext systems, British or Internet The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by a broad array of electronic and.
A significant portion of current publications To publish is to make content available to the public . While specific use of the term may vary between country, it is usually applied to text, images, or other audio-visual content on any medium, including paper or Electronic publishing forms such as websites, E-books, Compact Discs and MP3s. The word publication means the act of publishing, and of poetry are available either only online The terms "online" and "offline" have specific meanings in regard to computer technology and telecommunications. In general, "online" indicates a state of connectivity, while "offline" indicates a disconnected state. In common usage, "online" often refers to the Internet or the World Wide Web or via some combination of online and offline publication. There are many types of 'digital poetry' such as hypertext Hypertext is text displayed on a computer or other electronic device with references to other text that the reader can immediately access, usually by a mouse click or keypress sequence. Apart from running text, hypertext may contain tables, images and other presentational devices. Hypertext is the underlying concept defining the structure of the, kinetic poetry, computer generated animation, digital visual poetry Visual poetry is poetry or art in which the visual arrangement of text, images and symbols is important in conveying the intended effect of the work. It is sometimes referred to as concrete poetry, a term that predates visual poetry, and at one time was synonymous with it, code poetry, experimental video poetry, and poetries that take advantage of the programmable A computer program is a sequence of instructions written to perform a specified task for a computer. A computer requires programs to function, typically executing the program's instructions in a central processor. The program has an executable form that the computer can use directly to execute the instructions. The same program in its human- nature of the computer to create works that are interactive, or use generative or combinatorial approach to create text (or one of its states), or involve sound poetry, or take advantage of things like listservs, blogs A blog is a type of website or part of a website. Blogs are usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as graphics or video. Entries are commonly displayed in reverse-chronological order. "Blog" can also be used as a verb, meaning to maintain or add content to a, and other forms of network communication to create communities of collaborative writing and publication (as in poetical wikis Wikis may exist to serve a specific purpose, and in such cases, users use their editorial rights to remove material that is considered "off topic." Such is the case of the collaborative encyclopedia Wikipedia. In contrast, open purpose wikis accept content without firm rules as to how the content should be organized).
Digital computers allow the creation of art Art is the product or process of deliberately arranging symbolic elements in a way that influences and affects the senses, emotions, and/or intellect. It encompasses a diverse range of human activities, creations, and modes of expression, including music, literature, film, photography, sculpture, and paintings. The meaning of art is explored in a that spans different media In drawing, "media" refers to the type of held dry tool used and the base onto which it is transferred. The "held dry tool" normally means a pencil, or stick medium, referred to as a "crayon". Small particles of broken-off stick medium are transferred to a base or plane of production on which the artwork is produced: text, images, sounds, and interactivity via programming. Contemporary poetries have, therefore, taken advantage of this toward the creation of works that synthesize both arts and media. Whether a work is poetry or visual art or music or programming is sometimes not clear, but we expect an intense engagement with language in poetical works.
Some pioneers and noteworthy followers of the art
Some pioneers of e-poetry in Europe, developing Italian and Russian Futurism Futurism was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It was largely an Italian phenomenon, though there were parallel movements in Russia, England and elsewhere. The Futurists practiced in every medium of art, including painting, sculpture, ceramics, graphic design, industrial design, interior design,, concrete poetry, visual poetry Visual poetry is poetry or art in which the visual arrangement of text, images and symbols is important in conveying the intended effect of the work. It is sometimes referred to as concrete poetry, a term that predates visual poetry, and at one time was synonymous with it, performance, interactive art, hypertext include: Joan Brossa Joan Brossa i Cuervo [ʒuˈan ˈbɾɔsə i ˈkwervu] . Poet in Catalan language, playwright, graphic designer and plastic artist. He was one of the founders of both the group and the publication known as Dau-al-Set (1948) and one of the leading early proponents of visual poetry in Catalan literature. Although he was in the vanguard of the post-war (E), Gianni Toti (I), Caterina Davinio (I), Lello Masucci (I), “Alire“ (experimental e-poetry review) (F), “Doc(K)s” (Experimental art review, Ajaccio, F), Jean-Pierre Balpe (F), Reiner Strasser (Be), Amartya Ray and Alexis Kirke.
A rich experimental poetry tradition exists in Brazil. The pioneer of media poetry in Brazil is the poet Albertus Marques, who in 1961 presented his "electric poems", as he called them. Albertus Marques participated in the Neo-Concrete art movement. Some poets who participated in the Concrete Poetry movement adapted their poems to new media New media is a term meant to encompass the emergence of digital, computerized, or networked information and communication technologies in the later part of the 20th century. Most technologies described as "new media" are digital, often having characteristics of being manipulated, networkable, dense, compressible, interactive and and digital art Digital art is an umbrella term for a range of artistic works and practices that utilize digital technology. Since the 1970s various names have been used to describe what is now called digital art including computer art and multimedia art but digital art is itself placed under the larger umbrella term new media art. Augusto de Campos is a famous digital poet from the region. Ana maria Uribe, Fabio Doctorovich, Belén Gache are some from Latin America.
Other followers of digital poetry include Arnaldo Antunes, Lucia Leao, Philadelpho Menezes and Alckmar Luiz Dos Santos
Bibliography
- AAVV, La coscienza luccicante. Dalla videoarte all’arte interattiva, Gangemi, Roma 1998
- Jean-Pierre BALPE, "L'Ordinateur, sa muse", in "Pratiques" nº 39, Metz 1984
- Jean-Pierre BALPE, "La position de l'auteur dans la génération automatique de textes à orientations littéraires", in "Lynx" nº 17, Université de Paris-X Nanterre, Nanterre, 1987
- Friedrich W. BLOCK, Christiane HEIBACH, Karin WENZ (eds.), p0es1s. The Aesthetics of Digital Poetry, Ostfildern-Ruit, Hatje Cantz, 2004 (German, English)
- Caterina DAVINIO, “Parole virtuali. La poesia video-visiva tra arte elettronica e avanguardia”, in "Doc(K)s. Un notre web” (libro e CD), serie 3, 21, 22, 23, 24, Ajaccio (F) 1999
- Caterina DAVINIO, "Scritture/Realtà virtuali" in "Doc(K)s" (web), 2000
- Caterina DAVINIO, Tecno-Poesia e realtà virtuali (Techno-Poetry and Virtual Reality), essay with preface by Eugenio Miccini (Italian/English), Mantova, Sometti, 2002.
- A. DE CAMPOS, Re/visão de sousândrade (with Haroldo de Campos), Edições Invenção, San Paolo 1964 (2nd edition, Nova Fronteira, San Paolo 1982)
- A. DE CAMPOS, Teoria da poesia concreta (with D. Pignatari and H. de Campos). Edições Invenção, San Paolo 1965; 2nd edition, Duas Cidades, San Paolo 1975; 3rd edition, Brasiliense, 1987
- A. DE CAMPOS, Poesia antipoesia antropofagia, Cortez e Moraes, San Paolo 1978
- Chris T. FUNKHOUSER, Prehistoric Digital Poetry, An Archeology of Forms, 1959-1995, Tuscaloosa, The University of Alabama Press, 2007
- Eduardo KAC, New Media Poetry: Poetic Innovation and New Technologies, "Visible Language" Vol. 30, No. 2, Rhode Island School of Design, 1996.
- Eduardo KAC, Hodibis Potax, Édition Action Poétique, Ivry-sur-Seine (France) and Kibla, Maribor (Slovenia), 2007.
- Eduardo KAC, Media Poetry: an International Anthology (Second Edition), Bristol: Intellect, 2007.
- Eduardo KAC, Telepresence, Biotelematics, Transgenic art, Association for Culture and Education, Maribor 2000
- Lello MASUCCI, Poesia/Ultimo taglio, Electa publisher, 2009.
- Philadelpho MENEZES, Poetics and Visuality, translation Harry Polkinhorn, San Diego State University Press, 1995.
- Philadelpho MENEZES, Poesia Concreta e Visual, São Paulo, Ática, 1998.
- Philadelpho MENEZES(org.), Poesia Sonora: poéticas experimentais da voz no século XX, São Paulo: EDUC (Editora da PUC), 1992.
- Philadelpho MENEZES, "Poesia Visual: reciclagem e inovação", em revista Imagens, número 6, Campinas, Editora da Unicamp, 1996, pp. 39/48.
- Philadelpho MENEZES, "Poetics and new technologies of communication: a semiotic approach" in Face - Revista de Semiótica e Comunicação, D.1, 1998, site: www.pucsp.br/~cos-puc/face
- Kenneth MEYER, “Dramatic narrative inVirtual Reality”, in Frank BIOCCA e Mark R. LEVY (eds.), Communication int eh Age of Virtual Reality, Hillsdale, New Jersey, Lawrence Erlbaum, 1995, pp. 219/259.
- Janet MURRAY, Hamlet on the Holodeck – The future of narrative in Cyberspace, Cambridge, MIT Press, 1997.
- Walter J. ONG, Orality and literacy – The technlogizing of the word, Londres, Routledge, 1989.
- Eric VOS. "New Media poetry - Theory and Strategies" in : Eduardo KAC (ed.), New Media Poetry: Poetic Innovation and New Technologies, "Visible Language" Vol. 30, No. 2, Rhode Island School of Design, 1996.
External links
- New Media Poetry and Poetics Leonardo Electronic Almanac 14 5-6 (2006)
- New Media Poetry, Hypertext and Experimental Literature Bibliography compiled by Eduardo Kac for Leonardo/ISAST
- Cybertext Cybertext is the organization of text in order to analyze the influence of the medium as an integral part of the literary dynamic, as defined by Espen Aarseth in 1997. Aarseth defined it as a type of ergodic literature
Categories: Poetry movements | Electronic literature
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